🐦 Milvus is a high-performance vector database built for scale. It powers AI applications by efficiently organizing and searching vast amounts of unstructured data, such as text, images, and multi-modal information.
🧑💻 Written in Go and C++, Milvus implements hardware acceleration for CPU/GPU to achieve best-in-class vector search performance. Thanks to its fully-distributed and K8s-native architecture, Milvus can scale horizontally, handle tens of thousands of search queries on billions of vectors, and keep data fresh with real-time streaming updates. Milvus also supports for single machine deployment. is a lightweight version good for quickstart in python with .
Want to use Milvus with zero setup? Try out Zilliz Cloud ☁️ for free. Milvus is available as a fully managed service on Zilliz Cloud, with Serverless, Dedicated and BYOC options available.
For questions about how to use Milvus, join the community on Discord to get help. For reporting problems, file bugs and feature requests in GitHub Issues or ask in Discussions.
The Milvus open-source project is
under LF AI & Data Foundation, distributed with Apache 2.0 License, with Zilliz as its major contributor.
Quickstart
$ pip install -U pymilvus
This installs pymilvus, the Python SDK for Milvus. Use MilvusClient to create a client:
from pymilvus import MilvusClient
You can also try Milvus Lite for quickstart by installing pymilvus[milvus-lite]. To create a local vector database, simply instantiate a client with a local file name for persisting data:
client.create_collection(
collection_name="demo_collection",
dimension=768, # The vectors we will use in this demo have 768 dimensions
)
Ingest data:
res = client.insert(collection_name="demo_collection", data=data)
Perform vector search:
query_vectors = embedding_fn.encode_queries(["Who is Alan Turing?", "What is AI?"])
res = client.search(
collection_name="demo_collection", # target collection
data=query_vectors, # a list of one or more query vectors, supports batch
limit=2, # how many results to return (topK)
output_fields=["vector", "text", "subject"], # what fields to return
)
Why Milvus
Milvus is designed to handle vector search at scale. It stores vectors, which are learned representations of unstructured data, together with other scalar data types such as integers, strings, and JSON objects. Users can conduct efficient vector search with metadata filtering or hybrid search. Here are why developers choose Milvus as the vector database for AI applications:
High Performance at Scale and High Availability
Milvus features a distributed architecture that separates compute and storage. Milvus can horizontally scale and adapt to diverse traffic patterns, achieving optimal performance by independently increasing query nodes for read-heavy workload and data node for write-heavy workload. The stateless microservices on K8s allow quick recovery from failure, ensuring high availability. The support for replicas further enhances fault tolerance and throughput by loading data segments on multiple query nodes. See benchmark for performance comparison.
Support for Various Vector Index Types and Hardware Acceleration
Milvus separates the system and core vector search engine, allowing it to support all major vector index types that are optimized for different scenarios, including HNSW, IVF, FLAT (brute-force), SCANN, and DiskANN, with quantization-based variations and mmap. Milvus optimizes vector search for advanced features such as metadata filtering and range search. Additionally, Milvus implements hardware acceleration to enhance vector search performance and supports GPU indexing, such as NVIDIA's CAGRA.
Flexible Multi-tenancy and Hot/Cold Storage
Milvus supports multi-tenancy through isolation at database, collection, partition, or partition key level. The flexible strategies allow a single cluster to handle hundreds to millions of tenants, also ensures optimized search performance and flexible access control. Milvus enhances cost-effectiveness with hot/cold storage. Frequently accessed hot data can be stored in memory or on SSDs for better performance, while less-accessed cold data is kept on slower, cost-effective storage. This mechanism can significantly reduce costs while maintaining high performance for critical tasks.
Sparse Vector for Full Text Search and Hybrid Search
In addition to semantic search through dense vector, Milvus also natively supports full text search with BM25 as well as learned sparse embeddings such as SPLADE and BGE-M3. Users can store sparse vectors and dense vectors in the same collection, and define functions to rerank results from multiple search requests. See examples of Hybrid Search with semantic search + full text search.
Data Security and Fine-grain Access Control
Milvus ensures data security by implementing mandatory user authentication, TLS encryption, and Role-Based Access Control (RBAC). User authentication ensures that only authorized users with valid credentials can access the database, while TLS encryption secures all communications within the network. Additionally, RBAC allows for fine-grained access control by assigning specific permissions to users based on their roles. These features make Milvus a robust and secure choice for enterprise applications, protecting sensitive data from unauthorized access and potential breaches.
Milvus is trusted by AI developers to build applications such as text and image search, Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG), and recommendation systems. Milvus powers many mission-critical businesses for startups and enterprises.
Demos and Tutorials
Here is a selection of demos and tutorials to show how to build various types of AI applications made with Milvus:
You can explore a comprehensive Tutorials Overview covering topics such as Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG), Semantic Search, Hybrid Search, Question Answering, Recommendation Systems, and various quick-start guides. These resources are designed to help you get started quickly and efficiently.
Milvus integrates with a comprehensive suite of AI development tools, such as LangChain, LlamaIndex, OpenAI and HuggingFace, making it an ideal vector store for GenAI applications such as Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG). Milvus works with both open-source embedding models and embedding services, in text, image and video modalities. Milvus also provides a convenient utility pymilvus[model], users can use the simple wrapper code to transform unstructured data into vector embeddings and leverage reranking models for optimized search results. The Milvus ecosystem also includes Attu for GUI-based administration, Birdwatcher for system debugging, Prometheus/Grafana for monitoring, Milvus CDC for data synchronization, VTS for data migration and data connectors for Spark, Kafka, Fivetran, and Airbyte to build search pipelines.
For guidance on installation, usage, deployment, and administration, check out Milvus Docs. For technical milestones and enhancement proposals, check out issues on GitHub.
Contributing
The Milvus open-source project accepts contributions from everyone. See Guidelines for Contributing for details on submitting patches and the development workflow. See our community repository to learn about project governance and access more community resources.
Build Milvus from Source Code
Requirements:
Linux systems (Ubuntu 20.04 or later recommended):
Reference to cite when you use Milvus in a research paper:
@inproceedings{2021milvus,
title={Milvus: A Purpose-Built Vector Data Management System},
author={Wang, Jianguo and Yi, Xiaomeng and Guo, Rentong and Jin, Hai and Xu, Peng and Li, Shengjun and Wang, Xiangyu and Guo, Xiangzhou and Li, Chengming and Xu, Xiaohai and others},
booktitle={Proceedings of the 2021 International Conference on Management of Data},
pages={2614--2627},
year={2021}
}
@article{2022manu,
title={Manu: a cloud native vector database management system},
author={Guo, Rentong and Luan, Xiaofan and Xiang, Long and Yan, Xiao and Yi, Xiaomeng and Luo, Jigao and Cheng, Qianya and Xu, Weizhi and Luo, Jiarui and Liu, Frank and others},
journal={Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment},
volume={15},
number={12},
pages={3548--3561},
year={2022},
publisher={VLDB Endowment}
}
